Thinking and Intelligence

Thinking and Intelligence

IQ Test: They are designed for English as first language audience. There are many different types of these tests that are found on many different websites to test your abilities.


Cognitive Schema: Toys are an important part of childhood.
Concept: Children's toys
Prototype: Slinky (toy)
Propositions: Linking of two or more concepts together.
For example:"slinkys are toys and yoyo's are toys."
Mental Image: Minds eye





A) Reasoning:

• Drawing conclusions from facts or assumptions

B) Formal Reasoning:

• Algorithms
• Math/division
• Recipes

• Deductive Reasoning- A known idea that is proven plus another known idea that's proven equals a conclusion that must be true.
• Inductive reasoning- A known idea that's proven plus another idea that's proven plus an imagined idea equals a conclusion that's probably true.

C) Informal Reasoning:

• Heuristics- rules of thumb that suggest a course of action without guaranteeing an optimal solution.
• Dialectical- Reasoning is a process of comparing and evaluating opposing points of view.

D) Reflective Judgment:

• The ability to evaluate and integrate evidence considering the alternative interpretations, and reach a defensible conclusion.

E) Cognitive Stages of King and Kitchener:

1. Prereflective stages.

• Know something without evidence.

2. We cannot know everything with certainty. 3. Some judgments are more valid than others.